When it comes to cleanliness, rats stay cleaner as compared to other small-sized pets. However, they still pee and poop a lot inside their cage. If you do not clean their cage and change the litter frequently, urine build up may be an issue.

Absorbency and odor control are the most important qualities. Choosing the best rat litter and training your pets to use the litter box really lowers maintenance. Apart from that, you can save your money because the nesting materials have not to be changed so frequently. You may want to know what kind of bedding helps to reduce these foul odors, this post can helps you to do so.

#1 Will rat bedding control odor?

If you have been a rat owner, then you will know that rat urine does not smell pleasant. Urine contains urea, and the nitrogen waste in the urea breaks down into ammonia. The ammonia is present and icky smelly.

Luckily, there are some good rat litter absorb urine and lock it. This not only controls the smell but also prevents the presence of ammonia. However, not all the rat litter products have the same ability of odor control.

Some of them can have a specialized formula for reduce odors up to 2 weeks without replacing, while other do not give a lot of importance to odor control. Thus, it all comes down to the type of bedding you have selected for your pets.

#2 The problem of odor control bedding

We all want to purchase on the litter products which have the odor control ability. And the best way to deal with smelly situations is to get scented litter. However, you should be careful when choosing the scented litter as some of them are harmful to your pets because of the use of chemicals. These chemicals can hurt the respiratory system of your rat. This is especially true for the rat with sensitive respiratory.

#3 Good rat litters for reducing odors

Aspen bedding can help as it has good absorption qualities. So, Phresh Aspen Bedding and Kaytee Aspen Bedding are two popular products. There is no addition of any kind of aromatic oil or chemical to give them a scent, hence they are totally safe for your pet. They are totally organism really excellent when it comes to odor control.

Hemp bedding has recently become quite famous due to their high absorbency and odor control qualities. The best thing I like about Hemp is that it requires low maintenance and can go a longer than other beddings. However, It is a bit costly as compared to other litter.

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When it comes to the substrate for leopard geckos enclosure, it is important to find out the substrate that will not only make them feel comfortable in their home but also keep them safe and healthy.

There are some serious health problems for your leopard geckos if you choose the wrong substrate.

Two of the most common substrate are coconut fiber and excavator clay substrate. In order to figure out about these two substrates, knowing the pros and cons behind each substrate and finding what is the best substrate for leopard geckos between them, follow our article below.

#1 Natural and safe

Both coconut fiber and excavator clay are considered the best substrates bedding leopard geckos. They are both made of all-natural materials (clay and coconut fiber).

They are entirely safe to use for leopard geckos and do not contain any toxic chemicals that may harm your pets. You will not worry about the skin and eye irritation that cause by the substrate when using these substrates.

#2 Supports burrowing

Burrowing is one of the natural behavior of leopard geckos. You should provide the good condition for your geckos to perform this behavior by giving them a substrate that fine enough for digging but it is should not too tough so it can injure leopard gecko’s toes.

Excavator clay substrate is a good option since it holds the shape well with fine texture. It allows the gecko to build tunnels and create their shelter place underground.

Coconut fiber substrate although do not as structured as excavator clay but it also allows leopard geckos burrowing holes.

#3 Comfort

Although excavator clay has a naturalistic appearance it is cannot bring a comfortable feeling as much as coconut fiber.

Meanwhile, coconut fiber is the best bedding for leopard geckos with the comfort it gives leopard geckos. Coconut fiber is completely gentle and soft on leopard gecko’s feed. You can use it damp and dry for tropical and desert species.

#4 Humidity

Excavator clay requires frequently misting to maintain its texture and the humidity levels that your leopard gecko needs. It is can be the trouble when your leopard shedding their skin and require a high level of humidity.

While coconut fiber can do so great at retaining moisture and humidity in your leopard gecko’s tank. It is naturally absorbent that can retain both heat and humidity.

Moreover, the coconut fiber substrate also has been known as the ability to control odor and break down waste products.

One of your biggest nuisance for every horse owner and the horse is flies. As a horse owner, it is your responsibility to control these bothersomes insect. Flies are not only annoying, they are also carry disease and a hazard for the horse health. Besides, they leave the painful bites on horse’s body, what make the horses stressful and unpleasant.

However, with so many different fly spray products for hourses on the market, it can be hard to find the ones that work best. This is why I have considered the price, type, ingredients and features of each fly spray and choosing here top 5 best fly spray for horses.

#1 Pyranha Wipe N’Spray Fly Protection Spray for Horses

It is obvious top 1 on mu list as it is consider as the most effective in temporarily getting rid of annoying flies. Not only flies, it also can control mosquitoes and gnats. What I like about this product is tha it can be use even in the rainy season. It will stay and protect your horses without beding washed off by rain or water.

Pyranha Wipe ‘N Spray has the special design from pyrethrum – an effective fly repellent . It can either be spraied it or wiped onto your horse’s coat. It comes in a jug of 1 gallons and premixed. After being wiped, it will make the horse’s hair become nice sheen thanks to lanolin – a coat conditioner. It also not irritate yoou due to the nice citronella scent.

#2 Absorbine – UltraShield EX Fly Spray, Insecticide and Repellent for Horses

The most attractive feature of this fly spray is that it design to be weatherproof, resistant to sweat. Due to that, you can use it during the rain season or summer. Especially, you may surprised that it can control the files for yp to 17 days. It contains natural Pyrethrins in the formula. It can be consider as the most effective insecticide-repellent on the market today. It can be used on dogs as well.

Although it is not alsway be as long as the 17 days but there are not much fly spray products has longer duration than this one. It also contains contains sunscreen and coat conditioners for the nice, shine coat. Its ingredients includes Pyrethrins (from chrysanthemums), Permethrin, and Piperonyl Butoxide, thes are organic and safe for horses. It comes in a 32-ounce premixed spray bottle.

#3 Farnam Endure Sweat-Resistant Fly Spray for Horses 14-Day Long Lasting Protection

Farnam product this fly spray specially for sweaty and wet conditions. It has the features of control fly for up to 14 days before you need to re-spray it. Its infredients includes cypermethrin 0.15%, pyrethrins 0.20%, piperonyl butoxide 1.60%, and butoxypolypropylene glycol 5.00%. It comes in a 32-ounce pump spray bottle.

The bottle features an ability of 360-degree non-aerosol continuous spray. Which will ensure your horse is completely coated. It also features RepeLock, it is a special conditioner that not only help shine the coat but also binds to the hair shaft. However, the drawback is that it relatively expensive than other fly spray products.

#4 Farnam Tri-Tec 14 Fly Repellent Spray for Horses with Sunscreen

This is another fly spray product that is guaranteed to 14 days protect your horses from six types of flies plus gnats, mosquitoes, lice, and deer ticks. It comes in a jug of 50-ounce jug. Its formula includes cypermethrin, pyrethrins, piperonyl butoxide, and butoxypolypropylene glycol. It is premixed so you just need to pour it in the spray bottle. However, it does not comes with the spray bottle so you will need to purchase separately.

#5 Espree Aloe Herbal Fly Repellent Horse Spray

If you are looking for the organic, totally safe and environment friendly fly spray products, this is the way to go. This fly spray from Espree is produced from all natural ingredients that are safe for your horses and the environment. It is made of botanical oils to get rid of flies.

Besides, it also includes coat conditioners and sunscreen, which will keep the shine, nice coat for the horses. It also good if you are worry about any harm to your animals, this organic spray is the best choice for you.

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We all know that reptile need UVB light is important for reptiles and amphibians to regulate the synthesis of Vitamin D3, wich allow them absorb and use calcium. However, there are many different species of reptile and several different options of UVB bulbs to choose from.

How do you know what is the best UVB bulb for your species of reptiles? Not all the UVB bulbs have the same strength and range of lengths. This post will help you figure out which option is the right one for your pet.

#1 Linear Fluorescent Lighting

Linear fluorescent UVB bulbs will fit into most fluorescent fixtures. They do the great job to emit low to moderate levels of UVB. They also provide decent even illumination across a large area in the tank.

Although Linear fluorescent are not the strongest UVB bulb available, they suitable and provide enough amount of UVB for animals that have have low to moderate UVB needs and can bask within 12-20″ of the bulbs.

Linear Fluorescent Bulbs come in 3 different strengths:

In general, 2.0 bulbs emit very little usable UVB and should be used for reptiles that have low or no UVB needs such as Poison Dart Frogs, Leopard Geckos, Crested Geckos.

5.0 bulbs are designed to emulate moderate UVB levels, which is suit for animals that live on the forest floor such as green iguanas, anoles, panther chameleons and other jungle or forest animals.

10.0 bulbs mimic the intense UVB emitted in the deserts area. They are ideal for bearded dragons, ackie monitors, chuckwallas, veiled chameleons.

#2 Compact Fluorescent Lighting

There were some debates about compact fluorescent bulbs in the past. But that was corrected long ago, modern compact fluorescent UVB bulbs are perfectly safe to use with your pets. The advantages of these bulb are inexpensive, fits in most incandescent sockets, and low wattage.

However, compact fluorescent UVB bulbs are inefficient and producing UVB radiation. They also have narrow focus that should be placed at or near the basking spot.

Compact fluorescent UVB bulbs came in 3 different strengths: UVB 100 bulbs are equivalent to the former 5.0 bulbs. UVB 150 bulbs are approximately equivalent to former 10.0 bulb. UVB 200 bulbs emit intense Uvb that should not be used for any reptiles or you will have to place it up to about 18 inches away from your pets.

#3 Mercury Vapor Lighting

Mercury Vapor bulbs have longest lifespan in compare with other types on this list, with many bulbs only needing to be replaced after 12-18 months. They produce heat as well as UVB. However, they produce intense UVB output, which make them only suit for full sun animals such as monitors or bearded dragon.

This is the drawback that you should take not that mercury vapor bulbs cannot be used in smaller habitats, or with species that require cooler temperatures. Also, not all the fixture can use with mercury vapor bulb as their high operating temperature.

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In order ensure your puppy starts his life comfortably and remains healthy and happy for years to come, you will have to provide him the best good cages for puppies. A crate will help you manage your dog and an essential purchase that can serve multiple purposes.

Although all puppy cages are design for housing dog, but they can have many different features and so you should to do a little research before purchasing.

#1 Material

Most puppy cages are made from one of four basic materials: plastic, metal wire, fabric, or wood. Some crates are lightweight and dainty and ultra-portable, while others are built like tanks that will prevent your dog from escape.

Cage made from plastic may even be suitable for small or well-behaved puppies, these will make them feel safe and provide privacy. However, dogs who like to chew on things or tent to escape attempts will need cages made from metal or very strong plastics.

#2 Collapsible cage

if you plan on traveling with your dog while he’s inside the cage or you usually bring he with you on the road, then these are nothing better for you than a collapsible cage. You will want a cage that are easy to flatten and carry with you. The collapsible cage will save the space and easier to store if you only use them sporadically.

Plastic cages do not collapse to flatten. You can take them apart for storage but this doesn’t really save you much space.

#3 Two doors cages are better than one door

I would like to recommend choosing two doors cages in stead of one door, two doors are much more convenient. Having a top opening doors make it much eaiser for you to access the cage, interact with your pets, load and unload them. You will not need to bend to the ground to be in touch with your puppies.

Two door cagea with a front door provide more placement flexibility than single-door cag. In the cage if you want to place the cage in the corner, against a wall, which would render one of the doors useless. But if this is two doors cage, it still works.

#4 Divider

There are some type of cage will be equipped with divider. These are not for keeping two dogs in a single crage. The main purpose of them is allow you to increase and decrease the size of a single puppy’s cage.

In this way, you do not need to another cage when their puppy grows. Also, you can get the large cage that’ll suit your pet once he’s full grown, but you can reduce the size of it.

Parrots can only live life to the fullest, and stay healthy with the proper type of food. If it is the first time you housing a parrot, you may surprise to know that not all parrot foods are created equally and not one food product can suitable for all parrot species.

It is essential to do some research about the best parrot food before purchase on this product. If you want to ensure that you provide them the best nutrition possible, you have to get the right type of food that designed for a certain size bird. Here are my 5 recommendations of special pallet food products for small parrot.

#1 TOP’s Parrot Food Marlene Mc’Cohen’s USDA Certified Organic Signature Blend Bird Seed and Pellet Mix

It is the ideal food that made from unique formula and provide nutrient for the growth and overall development of your parrot. This food is particular designed for smaller parrot species. The drawback is that it has the relatively expensive price tag than other normal products but it can offer the quality that worth your money.

It is made from USDA organic certified ingredients and provide a range of nutrients for your parrots. Its ingredients are alfalfa, barley, sunflower seed hulled, quinoa whole, buckwheat hulled, etc. They are all natural and no any artificial ingredients, flavors, vitamins, sucrose/sugar, or preservatives and no peanuts, corn, or soy is typed in the formular. It can be used as the daily food for parrot but should not overfeeding them.

#2 Kaytee Fiesta Variety Mix Big Bites Small Parrot & Conure Bird Food

This the food product that is special made for small parrots and conures. This is the healthy food as it contains omega 3, which support the parrot’s brain and heart health. If your parrot is the picky eaten, I would like to recommend this food.

It is included variety food type such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds, which help simulates the eating habits of your parrots. However, the drawback of it is that parrots may only pick out the pieces that they like.

This is an enriching variety of flavors and textures, parrot will love to enjoy the chewy texture of this food. It can be used as the daily food for parrots because it is complete and nutritionally balanced. You can expect that it is more enrichment than other pellet in the market.

#3 SLEEK & SASSY NUTRITIONAL DIET Garden Small Hookbill Bird Food for Cockatiels, Lovebirds, Quaker Parrots & Small Conures

Sleek and Sassy’s product surely has a space on my list as it is the reliable and well known brand for producing bird food. It is made of all natural ingredients Grass Seeds, Oil Seeds, Whole Grain plus Papaya, Pineapple, Carrots, Sweet Potato, Sweet Garden Peas and Spinach.

What I like about SLEEK & SASSY NUTRITIONAL DIET is that they pack their products in Oxygen filled packaging to ensure enzyme rich seeds and grain to preserve the nutritional value and increase the shelf life. Enzyme is the main key which help simulate digestion and assimilation of most nutrients.

This food is a good source of protein, vitamins, minerals and all the essential amino acids. It is available in 3 sizes are 2lbs; 4lbs and 20lbs.

#4 HARI Tropimix Premium Enrichment Food For Small Parrots

This food is guaranteed to not includes any type of artificial colorings, artificial flavors, and chemical preservatives. This food provides vitamins, minerals, and amino acids plus minerals for the development of parrots. Not only that, this food is designed to encourage foraging. foraging will support your parrots mind and body active, simulate activity while they eat.

This is one of the finest appetizing food for even picky parrots. Its ingredients includes grains, legumes, fruits, and nuts. They are available in 3 sizes are 2,4 lbs, 4 lbs, and 20 lbs.

This food also good for the development of vibrant feathers and strong bones. It is totally edible and does not includes husks and shells.

#5 Kaytee Forti-Diet Parrot Food

Kaytee provide a high quality foot that suitable for small, medium and large parrots. It is a source of Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids, which is good for the health of brain and heart. It is certified by USDA to included ingredients that contains vitamins and minerals for enhanced and vibrant skin and healthy plumage.

After open the packaging, this food can be used for 30-45 days, under the proper storage condition of dry and cool location. This food also helps to support the natural foraging behaviour of parrots. This is also one of the parrot foods that contains prebiotics and probiotics, which will promote the digestive health and immunity of parrots.

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Wicked Legends, a collection of bestselling novels, introduces Spark Rising. This is just one of 20 page-turning, full length novels for only $.99! Order your copy today!

Two hundred years after the cataclysm that annihilated fossil fuels, Sparks keep electricity flowing through their control of energy-giving Dust. The Council of Nine rebuilt civilization on the backs of Sparks, offering citizens a comfortable life in a relo-city in exchange for power, particularly over the children able to fuel the future. The strongest of the boys are taken as Wards and raised to become elite agents, the Council’s enforcers and spies. Strong girls–those who could advance the rapidly evolving matrilineal power–don’t exist. Not according to the Council.

Lena Gracey died as a child, mourned publicly by parents desperate to keep her from the Council. She was raised in hiding until she fled the relo-city for solitary freedom in the desert. Lena lives off the grid, selling her power on the black market.

Agent Alex Reyes was honed into a calculating weapon at the Ward School to do the Council’s dirty work. But Alex lives a double life. He’s leading the next generation of agents in a secret revolution to destroy those in power from within.

The life Lena built to escape her past ends the day Alex arrives looking for a renegade Spark.

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Author Bio