It is obvious that water temperature is very important to fish because they are cold-blooded animals. That means their body temperature deeply affects the environment surrounding.

Due to this, you will need the fish tank chiller to regulate and bring the optimal temperature for your fish.

What makes your tank overheat?

There are two factors can lead to the over-heat of your aquarium:

Firstly, all the equipment you are using such as canister filters, powerheads, hang-on filters, wavemakers, and water pumps can generate heat. The more capacity, the more heat is produced.

Secondly, the reason is the aquarium light system. All the bulbs are release heat to warm the water. But LED light will provide less heat than other bulbs.

Sometimes, the heat up of the aquarium can also due to the sudden change of weather. However, the chiller can solve almost these problems.

How does an aquarium chiller work?

The heat exchange process of an aquarium chiller is: the chiller takes the heat from the water of the tank and transfers it to the outside environment. A chiller has 4 main parts such as the heat exchanger, expansion valve, the compressor and the condenser coil.

The cooling process will begin with a heat exchanger that will absorb the heat from the water. Then the compressor will pump the refrigerant vapour to the condenser. The refrigerant will be kept in the condenser tubes and then it is blown through the hot condenser coil by a fan.

Where you should place your chiller?

Almost chiller devices are compact and take less space. Placing your chiller in the area that enough airflow for the chiller releases the heat. If you place the chiller in the enclosed space, it may cause a less effective chiller and wastes a lot of energy.

It is your responsibility to provides your tarantulas the proper home as soon as you pick them home. However, if you are a newbie, there are important thing you need to know when building an enclosure for your new pet tarantula.

In this post, I discuss the best tarantula enclosure for terrestrial. Terrestrial tarantulas are the burrowing species, meaning they spent most of their time stay on the ground, burrowing deep into the substrate or hide in the shelter. Ensure that the best tarantula enclosure you choose will meet the needs of your individual tarantula. Terrestrial species require plenty room of floor and the height of their enclosure should be more than the width.

#1 Carolina Custom Cages Terrarium

This is the high quality, premium options for who are looking for the durable and reliable enclosure. Carolina Custom is one of the more renown brands in the reptile industry. These cages are very easy to assemble as you just need a small screwdriver to install it. Due to all sides glass, it provides fully visibility.

The top side is the stainless steel screen top, it is very well made and provide air circulation. This 24”L model features   hinged doors and key-lock security. You also can hang the key directly on the outside of the cage. General speaking, it is the high quality material cage that will las for such a long time but it is also more expensive option than other cages.

#2 REPTI ZOO 10 Gallon Reptile Tank Glass Natural Cages Terrarium

The next of is the terrarium of Repti Zoo, which has been received hundreds of positive reviews. It is the great options if you are looking for the cage with more affordable price. 5 glass side and one mesh screen top provide 360 degree view of the entire landscape.

The mesh screen top not only ideal for providing well ventilation, but also allow the UVB rays go through the cage. It features a small feeding hole that can be closed when not use. It does not come with the front door, you can access the inside by lift and pull the sliding screen top. This screen top will keep you tarantula secure without the need for safety locks.

Besides, if you want to keep more than of cage in your house, you can save your space by stack the cages. Just one thing to remember is ensure that you shut tight the screen top.

#3 Exo Terra Glass Natural Terrarium Kit

It measures 24 x 18 x 12 inches, there is not much terrariums out there have the ideal size for Terrestrial tarantula like this one. Although it is named “terrarium kit”, it is only terrarium and everything else sold separately.

However, this cage provides high quality material that is long lasting. It features dual opened doors and window ventilation in front. Stainless steel mesh cover can be able to remove for additional access while decorating or cleaning.

The attractive feature of this terrarium is the high fixed front doors, it allows you to place a thick layer of substrate for tarantula burrowing down. Besides, there are 5 tube inlets in the back of the screen cover, which allow you to install added accessories. The draw side is that It is relatively heavy.

#4 REPTI ZOO 34 Gallon Large Reptile Glass Terrarium

if you are worry about ventilation issus of glass terraium, you should consider this one as it includes the scrren top and 2 ventilation screen windows on the left and right. The screen top also allows UVB and infrared penetration. The most attractive feature of this terrarium is the foam background, what give a natural sense for the cage. The foam backdrop is made by pressing and simulate rock in the natural.

It features raised bottom, so you can place a heat pad or othr heater under the cage. There are two wire inlets holes at top and right, they are closable that allow the wire and tube go through.

#5 Exo Terra Nano Glass Terrarium Kit

This nano terrarium measures 8 W x 8 D x 8 H inches . It is relatively small and lightweight, makings it ideal for who do not have lots of space to storage the larger terrarium or want to move the cage. It is the good terrarium for young or small tarantulas, that it has enough room for them to go around, borrow and hide. It features two top closable inlets for wires and tubing.

The raised bottom of it allow you to place substrate heater under. There are alsonlockable dual doors in front and top to prevent escape.

It also comes with an affordable price as well. The only drawback of this terrarium is that you can keep only one tarantula on this cage and there are not much room for placing add accessories.

Reptiles need a heat source not only to keep warm. They also require heat to maintain their body functions such as digesting food, excreting waste and improve circulation and respiration systems.

And one of the most effective methods to provide heat for your terrarium is using under tank heater for reptiles.

But if you have ever used a heating pad before, there are many questions might come to your mind. This post is some common questions about under tank heater that will help you get to know about it.

Are heat pads for reptiles safe?

If you observe the following guidelines, the heat pad is completely safe to use for your reptile’s tank:

Reading the instruction carefully before installing your heat pads.

Placing the heat pads outside your closure, at the bottom of the tank. There is a risk of burning the substrate or overheat your pet if you place the hat pads inside the tank.

Ensure that you will disconnect the heat pad and the power supply before you clean the tank.

Using the thermostat to control and monitor the heat pads.

Do reptiles need any light if there is a heat pad in the tank?

Even when you are using the best reptile heating pad, you also need to provide the light for your reptiles. Reptiles need the UVA and UVB light to survive in the enclosure.

There are also some species of reptile do not need UVB light, but they also need the daylight to maintain their day and night time cycle.

Should you use a heat pad for plastic terrarium?

No, you should not. Plastic really easy to get melt if the temperature is increasing suddenly.

You are recommended to use the heat pad for glass or wooden tanks. The plastic tank is not really durable and tend to turn yellow over time or when it meets the heat.

Best LED aquarium lighting does not only serve to increase the special aesthetic appeal of your fish, corals, plant or any aquatic organisms. The LED light also plays an important role in the simulate day and night cycles in your tank.

Especially, if you are keeping plants and corals in your aquarium, the LED light will provide the optimum temperature and lighting conditions for plants and corals photosynthesize.

There are many models of LED light for aquarium available on the market with different pros and cons. This post will help you narrow your choice by comparing two of the most favorite LED light products recently: Nicrew classic LED lighting VS. Koval LED lighting.

#1 Light spectrum

The spectrum should contain enough colors for the photosynthesis process of plants and corols.

Nicrew LED light creates a shimmering light in your aquarium that can be set to 2 different modes. The white lights are good for daylight. The daytime mode provides a clean and balanced natural color for the lighting.

And the blue lights are used for the nighttime mode. When you switch to the night mode, the shadowy actinic blue light will mimic nightlight perfectly.

Koval LED light contains the full-color spectrum with78 and 156 bright lights depend on the size that you choose. These lights offer 5 different colors. Due to the full spectrum light, this LED light is suitable for any type of fish, aquatic plant ad coral reefs.

It also has more lighting mode than the Nicrew with 3 options: all lights on, only blue LEDs on, and all lights off. The “all light on” mode used for daytime and “only blue LEDs on” mode will simulate the natural moonlight and use it for the nighttime.

#2 Efficiency

The first thing you will find in Nicrew light once you install it is its brightness. It is an extremely bright light. This will ensure that every corner in your tank will be illuminated. Nicrew produces the light that does not affect the behavior of the fish in the aquarium but still ensures the benefit for the plants.

Depends on how you use it, the Koval light can be used for 50,000 hours and more, which helps you save the cost of buying replacements bulbs. This is the LED light with highly efficient and low energy.

#3 Extra features and cost

There are many LED lights that come with some extra features such as run on time, automatically change intensity, range of wavelengths, etc. However, with 2 products that will review, there are no extra features included, no timer, dimer or another adjustment.

But the lights with more features will be more expensive. Sacrificing some additional features below, you can get the Nicrew and Koval light with less cost but still, give the basic factors that your aquarium needed.

If you have never keep any leopard geckos before, you have to learn how to provide them with adequate heat. Unlike mammals, leopard geckos cannot regulate their body temperature by themselves.

In the wild, leopard geckos usually get the warmth by hiding in the enclosed spaces, between the rocks underground because leopard geckos absorb heat through their bellies.

Therefore, in the captivity, you should provide them the similar heat sources. This is why you will need the best heat mat for leopard gecko.

Heater pads for leopard gecko

Unlike bearded dragons, leopard geckos do not prefer to basking under the sunlight or direct heat sources. So in their tank, they do not need the basking area or heat lamp to get warmth.

Leopard geckos require belly, underside heating in order to digest their food. The best way to heat our leopard geckos is by using heater pads for leopard geckos. Heater pads are the devices that made specifically for reptiles and placed to the bottom of their cage; provide gentle and reliable heat for your leopard geckos.

How to choose heater pads?

Before buying the best reptile heating pad, you should measure your tank to get the suitable size of heater pads. Normally, you should get the heater pad that covers about 1/3 of the tank floor. This will create two different sides in your tank: the cooler side and the warm side.

This will allow your leopard geckos to regulate their body temperature by choosing whether they want to be warmer or cooler. If you are living in a cold climate, you can choose the bigger heater pad, cover about 1/2 your tank floor.

Moreover, you should get a heater pad controlled by a thermostat or you will do not know if this heater pad gets too hot and your leopard gecko might be burned. If your leopard geckos never lie on this heater pads, it’s probably over-heat, and if they become slowly, do not eat much or lie almost the day, it’s probably too cool for them.

Maintaining the overall temperature in your leopard gecko’s cage always stay between 75-90 degrees F.

Rat like clean, spacious area, free of fecal matter and food wastes. However, they quite messy and they need to go bathroom a lot. You will need to provide them a litter box in the corner of the cage. The litter material for rats should be good at absorb urine and feces.
However, if you want to save your money or if you want to ensure that the ingredients of litter are suitable and safe for rats, then you should make it by your own. Here are some good options of best rat litter that you can easy find around.

#1 Shredded Paper

This is a really cheap or even free option. The advantage of shredded paper is that whether torn by hand or put through an office shredding machine, it is recycled paper, scoring high on texture soft, absorbent, and creates very little dust. You should only use matt paper printed with non-toxic inks.
It can be the great option for rats with dark fur, but the ink may discolour light-coloured rats. There is the not when use shredded paper that you should tear it into short pieces as long strips can be tangly, and are also more likely to have sharp edges. Avoid glossy paper since it is not absorbent.

#2 Toilet Tissue

The rolls of toilet tissue can be use as both litter and bedding in the cage. You do not need to shred it yourself. You rat will love to tear it into pieces so let them do it. The drawback of toilet tissue is that it cannot last for long and you will need to replace it frequently. However, it is soft and comfortable litter, absorbent and less of dust.

#3 Cloth

Some pet owners prefer to place just some old clean cloth in their rat’s litter box. This is particularly best if your rat is allergic to other kinds of beddings. You can so the shredding or allow your rat have funny time with this work.
Take note that if you are going to use old cloth, use the one with fabric that doesn’t produce long threads such as fleece or microfiber. Do not use some ratty tatty cloth with long threads that can cause injuries when wrapped around your rat’s tail, legs, paws or neck.

#4 Hardwoods

Hardwoods like aspen, oak or ash are safe for rats because they do not produce noxious fumes. It is not costly material if you can obtain a single split piece of firewood and is easy to produce in large quantities. However, the drawback is that hardwoods are quite dusty and messy so if you rat have sensitive respiratory, you should not go with this.

Related to Rat Litter

Top Sales	Product Link	Price
	Oxbow Animal Health Oxbow Hay Western Timothy Hay	from $19.12
	Kaytee FortiDiet ProHealth Rat/Mouse Food, 5 lbs.	from $8.49
	Niteangel Small Animal Activity Toy, Fun Pet Balls	from $8.99
	Kaytee Clean & Cozy Natural Small Animal Bedding	from $14.99
	Living World Nibblers Corn Husk Pet Chew, Carrot	from $5.60

Although enclosure made from glass are not usually recommended to house tortoises, there are some reasons that make this type of enclosure is favourite tortoise’s cage among a lot of owner. Personally, I prefer to keep my hatching in a glass enclosure as glass is the best cage when it comes to maintain humidity.
The major issue with glass tank is that it can stress tortoises out, but you can easily fix this. If you are looking for a glass tank for your pets, here are the best tortoise enclosures you should provide them.

#1 REPTI ZOO Reptile Glass Terrarium

If you are worry about the ventilation of glass tank, then you can rest your mind that Repti Zoo terrarium feature with tough screen top, which ensure the well ventilation for the cage. Besides, the screen top also allows the UVB rays from UVB bulb or sun go through the tank without blocking. Not only that, this enclosure also equipped window ventilation on both sides.
Additionally, the bottom glass of this tank is raised, that mean you can easy place the heater or heat pad under and create the temperature gradient.
It has front sliding doors, which can be opened separately for easy access, feeding and maintenance.

#2 Exo Terra Glass Natural Terrarium Kit

This is another ideal glass enclosure for tortoise. it has the front ventilation system and full screen top for the optimal ventilation. The removable screen top also allows the beneficial UVB rays approach your tortoises.
The width opened front doors allow you fully access the cage for easy feeding and cleaning. It is the lockable doors to prevent your pets from escape. The screen cover designed with five wire inlets on the two sides, they are closable and allow you to install the wire some tank’s equipment such as heater, waterfalls, sensors, etc.
The raised bottom panel is waterproof, easy cleaning and allow to mount the heat pad or other substrate heaters below the tank.

#3 Carolina Custom Cages Terrarium

If you are looking for the tank that have a lots of floor space for your tortoise to roam around, then you should consider this glass tank from Carolina. It can be the home for any breed of adult tortoise. However, the downside is that you will have to fill it with more decorations.
Although it is large but very east to assemble and disassemble with dual sliding front glass panels and the removable top screen.

Related to tortoise enclosures

Top Sales	Product Link	Price
	Exo Terra Glass Natural Terrarium Kit, for Reptiles and Amphibians, Short Wide, 24 x 18 x 12 inches, PT2604A1	from $229.99
	Zoo Med 26084 Eco Earth Loose Bag, 24 Quart	from $20.00
	Carolina Custom Cages Terrarium, Tall Extra-Long Deep 48Lx24Dx24H, Easy Assembly	from $559.99
	Exo Terra Glass Terrarium Kit, for Reptiles and Amphibians, Nano, 8 x 8 x 8 inches, PT2599A1	from $59.99
	Exo Terra All Glass Terrarium Kit, for Reptiles and Amphibians	from $86.99
	Zoo Med Tortoise House	from $289.36
	Exo Terra Faunarium	from $8.37
	Exo Terra Glass Natural Terrarium Kit, for Reptiles and Amphibians, Nano Tall, 8 x 8 x 12 inches, PT2601A1	from $69.99
	Zoo Med ReptiBreeze Open Air Screen Cage, Large, 18 x 18 x 36-Inches	from $98.99
	Exo Terra Screen Cover, 10 Gallon	from $21.13
	Zoo Med Reptile Bark Fir Bedding, 24 Quarts	from $22.85
	Exo Terra Forest Plume Moss, 7 Quarts, 2-Pack	from $6.99
	Zoo Med ReptiBreeze Open Air Screen Cage, Small, 16 x 16 x 20-Inches	from $50.94
	Carolina Custom Cages Terrarium, Tall Extra-Long 48Lx18Dx24H, Easy Assembly	from $469.99
	Exo Terra Faunarium, Flat Home	from $27.00